The present findings have potentially important ramifications for prevention. Because liability phenotype measured by the TLI covaries with age of substance use onset, prevention should be directed at reducing motivation to commence consumption. Accordingly, five age-specific computer adaptive versions of the TLI have been validated to monitor risk status during development (Kirisci et al., 2012), thereby enabling identifying vulnerable youths for timely individualized prevention (Tarter, Kirisci, Ridenour, & Bogen, 2012).
