We performed GWAS analyses across 15 studies, totaling 38,602 (28,677 EUR and 9,925 AA) ever-smokers (Supplementary Table 2), with nicotine dependence defined as mild (N=17,796; 46.1%), moderate (N=13,527; 35.0%), or severe (N=7,279; 18.9%). More than 99% of the participants were ≥18 years old. Males constituted 53.2% of the total sample size.
