Existing estimations of the association between alcohol consumption and the onset of cardiac dysrhythmias vary in different studies, including several large-scale prospective studies – the Framingham Heart Study [150], the Manitoba study [151], the Multifactor Primary Prevention Study [152] and others. The Framingham Heart Study revealed a low association with moderate alcohol consumption, but the association became significant among individuals consuming over 36 g pure alcohol per day (about three drinks) [150]. In the Copenhagen City Heart Study increased risk of atrial fibrillation was described for persons consuming more than 35 drinks per week [153]. A recent study by Planas and colleagues showed an increased risk of the reoccurrence of atrial fibrillation with moderate alcohol consumption [154].
