Across High and Low-Risk participants, prenatal exposure to either alcohol or cigarettes increased the risk of offspring cigarette smoking, whereas prenatal alcohol exposure increased the risk of SUD. Within the High-Risk sample, specificity of type of prenatal exposures and offspring outcomes was seen. Prenatal exposure to alcohol was associated with increased rates of substance use disorders including alcohol use disorders, but not cigarette smoking. Similarly, prenatal exposure to cigarettes was associated with increased rates of cigarette smoking, but not substance use disorders. Thus, prenatal exposures increased the risk for offspring substance use and abuse above and beyond the effect of familial risk for SUD.
