Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating mental diseases, with lifetime prevalence from 0.30% to 0.66% and incidence between 10.2 and 22.0 per 100,000 person-years [1]. It is considered a heterogeneous group of psychoses, caused by a constellation of genetic and environmental factors, with documented heritability [2,3]. A few regions of the central nervous system (CNS) are known to play an important role in pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Mostly reported is the prefrontal cortex (PFC), with its dorso-lateral (DLPFC) and medial (MPFC) regions [4,5]. DLPFC dysfunction is responsible for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, called “axial symptoms”: autistic behavior, anhedonia and avolition, emotional flattening and social withdrawal [6]. DLPFC also plays a substantial role in cognition, including executive functions that are particularly important in daily life, such as working memory, abstract thinking, task flexibility, planning, and impulse control [7,8]. Cognitive impairment is better predictor of long-term functional outcome in schizophrenia than severity of positive, negative or affective symptoms [9].
