Future research might then be advised to include alternative measures of the FFM within comparative validity studies. For example, it is possible that the HEXACO-PI (Lee & Ashton, 2004) assessment of conscientiousness will obtain better validity and clinical utility than the NEO PI-R, given its inclusion of a facet scale for perfectionism. Another alternative is the Big Five Aspects Scale developed by DeYoung, Quilty, and Peterson (2007). DeYoung and colleagues identified two facet scales for each domain of the FFM (e.g., compassion and politeness for agreeableness and industriousness and orderliness for conscientiousness) that they suggest are consistent with the genetic structure of the FFM. Similarly, this line of research would also benefit from the inclusion of alternative dimensional assessments of general personality structure, such as the MPQ (Tellegen, 1982), the TCI (Cloninger et al., 1994), or the MIPS (Millon et al., 2004). More informative comparative validity studies would not only contrast the FFM to the DSM-IV-TR, but the ability of the FFM relative to alternative dimensional models of general personality structure. In addition, even if the FFM obtains more validity
