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Chunk #33 — Results — Effects of Externalizing Proneness on Brain Responses to Performance Feedback — Externalizing proneness and brain response: Comparison of effects for TD versus TF measures

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Externalizing psychopathology and gain-loss feedback in a simulated gambling task: dissociable components of brain response revealed by time-frequency analysis.
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To evaluate this hypothesis, regression analyses were performed in which scores on the ESI-100 served as the criterion variable, and TD and TF component scores served as predictors. In an initial regression model, TD FRN and P300 component scores were entered as predictors of ESI-100 scores. The overall model was significant, F(1,147) = 6.90, p < .01, but neither TD variable contributed uniquely to prediction, indicating that a single overlapping process accounted for amplitude reductions in both TD components. To test whether (as hypothesized) this single process was captured by TF delta, a further hierarchical regression analysis was conducted in which ESI-100 scores again served as the criterion variable, but brain response predictors were entered sequentially, with TF delta entered first, and TD FRN and P300 entered second and third, respectively. The goal was to evaluate whether FRN and P300 contributed at all uniquely to the prediction of externalizing proneness beyond TF delta, or if instead their associations with ESI-100 scores were attributable to TF delta. In the first step of the model, TF delta evidenced a significant association with