Chunk #4 — Methods

Source

Risk loci for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a genome-wide association study and meta-analysis.

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Text

In all cohorts, ‘moderate-to-severe’ cases had GOLD Grade 2-4 COPD (moderate, severe, and very severe COPD; post-bronchodilator FEV1 < 80% predicted with FEV1/FVC < 0•7); individuals with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency were excluded.