two-sided binomial test P<0.05). Similarly, trans-eQTL effect sizes correlated significantly with replication effects in the scRNA-seq data (rb metric24; Methods, Figure 3a; two-sided P<0.05) for 4 cell types (classical monocytes (P=3.36×10−8, rb=0.514, S.E.=0.093), NK cells (P=3.24×10−4, rb=0.185, S.E.=0.051), CD8+ lymphocytes (P=3.41×10−3, rb=0.454, S.E.=0.155) and B cells (P=5.98×10−3, rb=0.049, S.E.=0.018)). More abundant cell types showed higher correlations with whole blood (Figure 3a, Pearson R2=0.53, two-sided P=0.04) and we observed similar correlations for replication datasets from several purified cell types (Supplementary Figure 7). When confining the analysis to 729 trans-eQTLs with an absolute average Z>1.96 over cell types (corresponding to a nominal P<0.05, Supplementary Table 4), we observed a relatively high effect direction concordance of 84% (Figure 3a, Supplementary Table 5, two-sided binomial test; P=1.25×10−84).
