this integration window are relegated to other assemblies, thus representing separate events and resulting in the discharge of other reader neurons60. The ‘assembly window’ coincides with the time window of spike timing–dependent plasticity and the time constant of GABAA and AMPA receptors, whose interactions give rise to the gamma rhythm77,78. Given the 10- to 30-ms lifetime of hippocampal cell assemblies74, five to nine assemblies, each residing in a gamma cycle, can be active in a theta cycle68.