sensitive to disturbances in parental nurturance (see review, Sanchez et al., 2001). Importantly, though, recent rodent studies also indicate that later interventions may help ameliorate some (but not all) of the impact of poor early nurturance (Bredy et al., 2003; Francis et al., 2002). These findings along with our interest in translating basic research to treatments led our network to give equal consideration to both the impacts of disturbances in early parental care and possibility that improvement in care might support recovery from ELS.
