Approximately half of significant trait pairs had low to medium gcp estimates (<0.6). Given that there is lower power to detect trait pairs with low gcp values (Supplementary Table 3a,p-r), it is likely that partial genetic causality with gcp<0.6 is more common than full or nearly-full genetic causality with gcp>0.6. Trait pairs with low gcp estimates can suggest plausible biological hypotheses. For example, we identified a partially genetically causal effect of age at menarche (AAM) on height (gcp^=0.43(0.10), Table S11), suggesting that these traits are influenced by a shared hormonal pathway that is more strongly correlated with AAM than with height, as recently hypothesized [11].
