History of biological parent separation or divorce prior to offspring age 18 was coded from parent and offspring interviews. Separations for non-relationship reasons (for example, one parent working overseas or incarcerated) were not coded, nor were subsequent separations between a biological parent and stepparent, where assessment was limited. Offspring age at parental separation was computed from parent report of year marriage or marriage-like relationship or, if missing, age offspring last lived with both biological parents assessed of both parents and offspring.
