Chunk #22 — 4. Selectively bred high alcohol-consuming rat lines and their phenotypic characteristics — 4.2. Alcohol-preferring and alcohol-nonpreferring rats
apparatus (Bell et al., 2000, 2001), with the development and expression of tolerance to this effect after chronic drinking (Bell et al., 2011). P rats self-administer ethanol intragastrically for its post-ingestive effects, thus, limiting the role of taste and smell (Murphy et al., 1988; Waller et al., 1984). P rats will operantly self-administer ethanol, which indicates ethanol is reinforcing and these rats will work for access to ethanol (Files et al., 1998; Murphy et al., 1989; Rodd et al., 2003; Rodd-Henricks et al., 2002a, 2002b; Samson et al., 1998; Toalston et al., 2008). Whereas ethanol-naïve P and NP rats display similar levels of ethanol clearance (Li and Lumeng, 1977; Lumeng et al., 1982), P rats, given chronic free-choice access to ethanol, drink sufficient amounts to develop metabolic as well as functional tolerance to the motor impairing and aversive effects of ethanol (Gatto et al., 1987; Lumeng and Li, 1986; Stewart et al., 1991). Moreover, P rats develop dependence with 24-h free-choice ethanol drinking, as indicated by physical signs of withdrawal when access is terminated (Kampov-Polevoy et al., 2000; Waller et al., 1982). In addition, P rats display a robust ADE (Rodd et al., 2003; Rodd-Henricks et al., 2000c, 2001), a
