the estimated ACE annual economic burden to an average lifetime per-person economic burden assumed that population-level association between ACEs and adult health outcomes remains constant over adult lifetimes. Adverse childhood experience PAFs were used in combination with total DALY burden data to estimate the economic burden associated with ACEs; alternative burden of disease estimates that do not rely on PAFs would provide a useful comparison with this study’s approach and results. The results do not address the per-person economic burden of ACEs by demographic characteristics, such as race and ethnicity, due to a lack of applicable medical spending and DALY data; future studies are needed to address these gaps.
