of these predictors were examined (and allowed for in the case of T1 age) in the tests for proportionality, future studies will expand on these findings by evaluating the effects of time-varying covariates measured at the followups (i.e. proband drinking, peer drinking, drinking to cope) on AUD occurrence using DTSA techniques. Third, the outcome of interest was based on retrospective reports of the age of first meeting criteria for AUD, and reliability could be a concern due to the timing gap between assessments (10 years for the first followup, 5 years for each subsequent followup). However, there is recent evidence that retrospective report of similar drinking measures is fairly stable and reliable well into the 50’s (Koenig et al., in press). Finally, these results were drawn for a modest sized sample of high-functioning Caucasian males, and future replications using women, non-Caucasians, and lower SES and more antisocial groups are needed to establish the generalizability of these findings to more diverse populations. The application of these DTSA models will also be critical in determining whether LR measured in adolescence operates in a similar fashion for the onset of a range of alcohol outcomes (i.e. onset of drinking, onset of negative consequences)
