you were too young to know what was happening? (3) Attempt to have sexual intercourse with you when you didn’t what them to or you were too young to know what was happening? (4) Actually have sexual intercourse with you when you didn’t want them to or you were too young to know what was happening? Response options ranged from never (0) through very often (5). Witnessing parental violence was assessed with the following questions: How often did your father, stepfather, foster or adoptive father or mother’s boyfriend do ANY of these things to your mother, stepmother, father’s girlfriend, or your foster or adoptive mother: (1) Push, grab, slap or throw something at her? (2) Kick, bite, hit her with a fist, or hit her with something hard? (3) Repeatedly hit her for at least a few minutes? (4) Threaten her with a knife or gun or use a knife or gun to hurt her? Response options ranged from never true (0) through very often true (5). While we acknowledge that this variable assesses violence on behalf of the participant’s father figure (or mother’s partner) towards mother figure (or father’s partner), herein we refer to this variable as ‘parental violence.’
