in anticipation of reward compared to adults. There were no group differences in response to feedback. Bjork and colleagues interpreted these data as support for the hypothesis that adolescents have a ventral striatal activation deficit. That is, that adolescents engage in extreme incentives (e.g., risky behaviors) ‘as a way of compensating for low ventral striatal activity (Spear, 2000; Bjork et al., 2004)’.