allow one to select individuals from a pedigree enriched for BD in order to enrich for deleterious alleles. Following this rationale, the more psychiatric disease in the family the higher the genetic risk of any individual will be, and thus the greater the potential for enrichment of deleterious alleles and potentially observable in vitro cellular phenotypes. Furthermore, exploitation of familial relationships as part of iPSC model characterization enables the explicit prediction that the affected individuals will exhibit phenotypes not found in the unaffected family members. This prediction should become increasingly powerful for delineating true disease-specific phenotypes from patient-specific phenotypes as size of the family increases.