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Chunk #22 — Discussion

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Why publishing everything is more effective than selective publishing of statistically significant results.
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The bias introduced by the contemporary scientific publishing system is quite severe [13], [16], [34], [35] and it is clear that we as scientists need to focus more on getting it right than on getting it published [36]. In research, there are many unknown factors that are hard to comprehend on the basis of only a literature that contains results that deviate significantly from the null hypothesis or from any other hypothesis. This does not mean that using all information is necessarily the most efficient. Publishing results is costly, but setting up and executing studies on the basis of (potentially biased or inaccurate) results in the literature also comes at a major cost that may be much larger than the cost of publishing. What is clearly needed is to lower the bar for publishing replication studies [4], [35], [36]. Although W&H proposed an interesting approach, we argue on the basis of the current results and our philosophical view that rigorous scientific data should never be wasted, and that the preferred approach to publishing is to have all information out there.