The current study was drawn from a larger research project (Adolescent Adjustment Project; Ohannessian, 2009). Survey data were collected from United States adolescents and their parents in the spring of 2007 (Time 1) and 2008 (Time 2). Adolescents who completed the survey at both measurements were included in the study (n = 492). At Time 1, the average age of the adolescents was 16.15 (SD = .75) and approximately half (52.5%) identified as female. The following racial ethnic groups were self-reported: European American (57.9%), African American (22.6%), Hispanic (11.6%), Asian (2.4%), and Other (5.5%).
