We used the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC)26 data as the main imputation reference panel because it consisted of the largest available set (64,976) of broadly European haplotypes at 39,235,157 SNPs. Supplementary Fig. 15 shows the results of a separate imputation experiment that shows that the HRC panel produces better imputation performance than the UK10K panel, especially at lower allele frequencies, and that the UK Biobank Axiom array performs favourably compared to other commercially available arrays.