Finally, the relationship between gender and negative consequences from drinking may vary by culture (14). For example, women may be especially likely to experience negative consequences from drinking in cultures where there are stronger taboos against alcohol consumption for women than for men. On the other hand, economic well-being may have a stronger moderating effect on the problems experienced by male than female drinkers in cultures where the man is the primary income earner. Therefore, it is important to examine not only overall gender differences in negative consequences from drinking but also cultural differences by gender.
