The HeLa cells used in the study are a variant called HeLaM (Tiwari et al., 1987) and have been used previously in studies from the Seaman lab. Cells stably expressing GFP-Rab7a wild-type, Q66L and T22N, GFP-Rab5 or GFP-Rab9 have been described previously (Seaman et al., 2009). Cells stably expressing GFP-Snx3 have been described previously (Vardarajan et al., 2012) and cells stably expressing GFP-VPS35 wild-type or D620N have been described in Zavodszky et al. (2014). The HEK293 cells stably expressing APPswedish were generously provided by Professor Peter St-George-Hyslop (Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge). Cells were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, glutamine containing penicillin and streptomycin. Stably transfected cells were maintained as above but G418 was added to the medium to a final concentration of 0.5 mg/ml.