Table 2 shows the standardized Betas and chi-square tests from the modification index output representing the addition of a direct path from the residual of each diagnosis (vis a vis the internalizing factors shown in Figure 1) to alcohol dependence. As can be seen, the magnitudes of the Betas for these paths are all small. In spite of their trivial effect sizes, the fit of the models were significantly improved when adding a path from the residual of 12-month major depression, panic disorder and social phobia to alcohol dependence. For the lifetime diagnoses, the fit of the model was significantly improved by adding a path from the residual of panic disorder and agoraphobia to alcohol dependence. A path from the residual of lifetime generalized anxiety disorder to alcohol dependence marginally improved the model fit (i.e., p = .06). Also note that several Betas were negative. This that the residuals of these disorders, once the internalizing factor is accounted for, are associated with a slight reduction in the likelihood of alcohol dependence. With that said, the variance accounted for by these
