Predictive performance measured by Nagelkerke’s R2 (for disease phenotypes) and R2 (for quantitative traits) is summarized in Fig. 2. Additional prediction accuracy metrics, including area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (known as AUC), area under the precision-call curve, and the odds ratio (OR) comparing top 10% of the participants having high polygenic risk with the remaining 90% of the sample, produced similar results in terms of the ranked performance of polygenic prediction methods and are reported in Supplementary Data 2.