= w1/w0 > 1 (see Supplementary Information for s selection). Consistent with the standard GWAS convention, significance was declared at p < 5x10−8. To not over-count the number of significant hits due to correlations between SNPs, we applied PLINK1.945 on the 1000 Genomes phase 1 data19 to remove SNPs among the significant hits that are in linkage disequilibrium with one other (r2<0.2).