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Chunk #0 — Introduction

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A meta-analysis of two genome-wide association studies to identify novel loci for maximum number of alcoholic drinks.
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Excessive alcohol consumption is a modifiable behavioral risk factor for morbidity and one of the leading causes of death in the United States (Mokdad et al. 2004). Every year nearly 85,000 (3.5%) people die due to short and long-term consequences of alcohol use (Mokdad et al. 2004). Consumption of alcohol in large quantities is capable of damaging every organ and system of the body (Caan and De Belleroche 2002) and is associated with increased risk of alcohol dependence (AD), cancer, alcoholic liver disease, cardiovascular disease, chronic pancreatitis and malabsorption (Muller et al. 1985; Testino 2008). The International Agency for Research on Cancer and the U.S. Department of health and Human Services has listed alcohol as a known carcinogen. Epidemiological studies indicate that moderate alcohol consumption by younger women could increase the risk of breast cancer later in life (Allen et al. 2009; Brooks and Zakhari 2013; Chen et al. 2011).