The CTQ (28 item version) (39,40) was completed by 495 patients with substance dependence and 145 controls. The CTQ yields scores for five traumas experienced in childhood: physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect and sexual abuse, as well as a total score. Reliability and validity of the CTQ has been demonstrated, including in drug abusers and African American populations (40–42). The total CTQ score ranges from 25 to 125. The CTQ was used as a continuous measure in all logistic regression analyses.
