developed as components of cognitive behavioral treatments in relapse prevention (for reviews, see Morgenstern and Longabaugh, 2000; Witkiewitz and Marlatt, 2004). Additionally, social-cognitive and emotional-processing factors may affect the recovery of alcoholic men and alcoholic women differently as gender differences in interpersonal problem solving skills have been reported (Nixon et al., 1992). In any case, abstinence has been associated with increases in positive social relationships (Hibbert and Best, 2011), improved self-efficacy and coping abilities (Rose et al., 2012), and higher rates of help seeking behavior (Dawson et al., 2006).
