The present research had various strengths and limitations. An important strength is testing of the GxE effects in three independent studies with different ascertainments of parenting and positive affect. This suggests a robust GxE effect that is not linked solely to one environmental assessment method. A second strength, as noted above, is the explicit focus on rigorously investigating DSH's conceptualization that genetically susceptible individuals are more responsive to environmental contexts ‘for better and worse' by assessing the full range of both environment and outcome and not merely the lack of adversity or absence of negative outcomes.
