than the average age in the combined German discovery sample and recurrent depression sample (50.4 ± 13.9 years), the Dutch ERF sample (48.7 ± 15.0 years) and the African-American sample (39.3 ± 13.7 years). In fact, in the other samples significant associations with rs1545843 were only observed when individuals ≤55 years were selected but not in the older age group. A series of studies indicate that late-life depression is pathophysiologically distinct from earlier onset MD being more strongly related to vascular disease and future cognitive impairment (Alexopoulos, 2006).