reference allele. Next, an overall z-statistic and combined p-value are then calculated from a weighted sum of the individual statistics. Weights are proportional to the square-root of the number of individuals contributing to that particular p-value examined in each sample and selected such that the squared weights sum to 1.0. When the same sample was studied by different GWASs, which usually had similar results, only one of the results (underlined in Table 1) was included in the meta-analysis.
