or excessive demand (Baum et al. 1993). The stress literature indicates that although chronic stressors are difficult to measure, they are stronger predictors of the onset and course of the disease than acute life events (Cohen et al. 1995). It is noteworthy that capturing chronic exposure to discrimination over time, as assessed by the Everyday Discrimination Scale, was associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease (Lewis et al. 2006). The Perceived Racism Scale (McNeilly et al. 1996) captures some aspects of chronic discrimination but more effort is needed to comprehensively characterize chronic and ongoing experiences of discrimination, especially its multiple dimensions in the domain of work, a major site of discriminatory experiences in contemporary society.
