Individuals’ lifetime AUD was identified from Swedish medical registries by the following ICD codes: ICD8: 571.0, 291, 303, 980; ICD9: V79B, 305A, 357F, 571A, 571B, 571C, 571D, 425F, 535D, 291, 303, 980; and ICD 10: E244, G312, G621, G721, I426, K292, K700, K701, K702, K703, K704, K709, K852, K860, O354, T510, T512, T511, T513, T518, T519, F101, F102, F103, F104, F105, F106, F107, F108, F109; and from the Prescribed Drug Register if retrieved disulfiram (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System N07BB01), acamprosate (N07BB03), or naltrexone (N07BB04). In addition, we identified AUD as convicted for or suspected of at least two alcohol-related crimes according to law 1951:649, paragraph 4 and 4A and law 1994:1009, Chapter 20, paragraph 4 and 5 from the Swedish Crime Register and code 3005 and 3201 in the Suspicion register.