and age five, and the second between 18 and 21. Even in the large Census sample, respondents who would have been exposed to an earlier legal drinking age in their birth states were no more or less likely to migrate than respondents who would have been exposed to a later legal drinking age (logistic regression with birth year and birth state fixed effects: OR of 1.00, 95% c.i .93 to 1.07, p = .92), and in the NLAES sample, migration status was not a significant predictor of past-year alcohol or substance use disorder (OR 1.00, 95% c.i .87, 1.13, p = .88). Most importantly, in the NLAES sample, MLDA exposure based on state of birth was still a significant predictor of current alcohol or substance use disorder (e.g., alcohol use disorder, OR 1.15, 95% c.i. 1.02 to 1.31, p = .024), although the association was not as strong as the estimates based on current state of residence (Supplementary table 5)
