Adolescents in stepfamilies were less well adjusted on various outcomes (adolescent positive behavior, teacher-rated internalizing, externalizing and sociometric status, and adolescent-rated anxiety and depression). After including four controls, (SES, adolescent gender, time living with stepfather, and relationship with biological father) the significant differences in adolescent outcomes between intact- and stepfamilies remained. There were no significant ethnic differences with regard to either adolescent outcomes or parenting after including controls.
