Findings on sexual dimorphism for DTI metrics are controversial and inconsistent. Two studies examined gender differences in FA, RD and AD across the lifespan (Westlye et al. 2010; Lebel et al. 2012), two found no gender differences in DTI parameters in young children; (Gilmore et al., 2007; Geng et al., 2012), and others reported mixed results based on narrow age ranges of the subject populations (Abe et al. 2002; Ota et al. 2006; Schneiderman et al. 2007; Hsu et al. 2008; Schmithorst et al. 2008; Bava et al. 2011; Chiang et al. 2011). Only one study examined age-related differences in sexual dimorphism of the WM integrity during childhood and adolescence (Schmithorst et al. 2008). In neonates, sexual dimorphism was not observed for any of the DTI (FA/RD/AD) parameters in the basal ganglia and thalamus (Qiu et al. 2013). In children and adolescents, higher FA values in the caudate and thalamus were found in boys than in girls (Menzler et al. 2011; Pal et al. 2011), suggesting that sexual dimorphism of anisotropy in the deep GM structures arises after birth. Girls
