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Chunk #32 — Methods — Estimation process

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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.
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in kg/m225 kg/m291·3%100·0%100·0%2Low bone mineral densityStandardised mean bone mineral density values measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry at the femoral neck in g/cm299th percentile of NHANES 2005–14 by age and sex33·3%12·3%35·9%2Impaired kidney functionProportion of the population with ACR >30 mg/g and/or GFR <60 mL/min per 1·73m2, excluding end-stage renal diseaseACR <30 mg/g and GFR >60 mL/min per 1·73m210·3%0·0%10·3%GBD=Global Burden of Disease. MET=metabolic equivalent. NHANES=National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PM2.5=particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2·5 μm, measured in μg/m3. TMREL=theoretical minimum risk exposure level. ppb=parts per billion. ACR=albumin-to-creatine ratio. GFR=glomerular filtration rate.