Gene expression was assayed using standard Affymetrix procedures on samples from 9 different brain regions (prefrontal cortex, cerebral cortex, thalamus, visual cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, putamen and cerebellum) of 4 individuals (1 each male alcoholic, female alcoholic, male control, female control), obtained from the NIAAA-supported brain bank at the Tissue Resource Center located in the Neuropathology Unit of the Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Australia. Hybridization was to GeneChip® Human Gene 1.0 ST Arrays. Genes were presumed expressed in brain if the average expression level of the 4 arrays from any region was higher than the average expression level of the negative probe sets on the arrays (Edenberg et al., in preparation). Genes from the expression studies were matched to genes from the SNP microarrays by matching gene symbols based on Affymetrix annotations.