Transcripts representing three consistently changed functional classes were examined using QPCR (Fig. 3). These experiments were performed in triplicate for each drug abuse case and their individual four best-matched controls, using different aPFC dissections and RNA extractions than those used for microarray experiments. Microarray data were expressed as fold changes between individual drug abuse and control cases to facilitate a more direct comparison to similar ratio data from QPCR analysis of the same drug abuse and control cases.