for enhanced within-DMN connectivity in rumination. Our observation of enhanced DMN-FPN between-network synchronization in the MDD group, involving the left SFG (DMN) and the right MTG (FPN), also aligns with evidence of enhanced correlation in BOLD signal between the right MTG and DMN regions (including the left SFG) in depression, which were purported to arise from gray matter abnormalities in the right MTG [50]. According to a meta-analysis of fMRI rsFC studies [4] and a recent review on rsFC abnormalities in psychopathology [51], enhanced DMN-FPN connectivity may reflect either a weakness of the FPN to modulate the DMN, or the DMN “enslaving” the FPN. Whatever the mechanism, this hyperconnectivity between networks is hypothesized to underpin impairments in goal-directed behavior and a cognitive style that is biased toward internal (often negative), self-referential thoughts.
