In a recent meta-analysis on the relationship between personality and MDD, MDD was significantly associated with higher N and with lower C with a Cohen's d of 1.33 for N and −0.90 for C.4 The association with C became weaker (Cohen's d −0.59) after controlling for N, but remained significant. Although a negative link between E and MDD has often been reported, the effect was modest and not significant in the meta-analysis (Cohen's d −0.62). The associations with O and A were not significant either.
