In the present longitudinal study, children were assessed three times, 2 years apart (labeled T1 to T3 for Time 1 to Time 3; see Eisenberg, Sadovsky, et al., 2005). We had several goals. First, we examined relations of T3 problem behaviors with individual differences in specific types of emotionality (anger/frustration, sadness), EC (attention shifting/focusing, inhibitory control), and reactive undercontrol (impulsivity). Specifically, we assessed the association of maladjustment at T3 with emotionality and regulation/control (averaged across T1 and T3 to reduce the number of analyses; see Results). We expected to find many of the same relations as we did 2 years prior (Eisenberg et al., 2001; Eisenberg, Sadovsky, et al., 2005), although we hypothesized that the pattern of relations might become somewhat more consistent with age. Thus, externalizing problems (pure or co-occurring), in comparison to control status, were expected to be predicted by low attentional and inhibitory EC and high impulsivity—although co-occurring problems might be linked to smaller deficits than pure externalizing (Stieben et al., 2007)—and by anger and sadness, although relations with the latter might hold only when internalizing and
