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Chunk #34 — Dynamics of Gene Expression in the Brain through the Life-Span — Gene expression in the developing brain

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Gene expression in the human brain: the current state of the study of specificity and spatiotemporal dynamics.
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Numerous anatomical changes of the brain during fetal and infancy development (Courchesne, et al., 2000) are accompanied by dynamic changes in gene expression in the brain tissue. A number of studies (Colantuoni, et al., 2011; Johnson, et al., 2009; Kang, et al., 2011; Lambert, et al., 2011; Somel, et al., 2010) of whole-genome expression analysis in the developing brain report that spatial organization and temporal dynamics of the transcriptome in the fetal brain are more robust and complex than those presented in the postnatal developmental stages. It was found that the number of genes differentially expressed among distinct regions of the neocortex crucially decrease across developmental stages – from 57.7% of genes temporally differentially expressed in the fetal stage to 9.1% and 0.7% of genes, which show spatial differences of expression during postnatal development (from birth to adolescence–20 years of age) and adulthood (from 20 to 60 years of age and older), consequently (Kang, et al., 2011). In another study, two orders of magnitude more gene expression differences (or the number of significantly differentially expressed genes) were detected across cortical