subject participation and engagement, the development of collaborations among investigators, and improved research methodologies and technologies. These new practices promise to identify possibly novel genetic variants that may be absent in European Americans and a wider variety of relevant environmental exposures. Improved research practices should lead to new developments that better inform prevention and treatments for AUD that are effective across a range of diverse racial/ethnic groups. Thus, there is a need for more studies of genetic vulnerability to alcoholism with diverse populations to ensure that genetic advances are inclusive and equally beneficial to all groups. Further, studies of diverse groups will also provide opportunities to identify the low frequency or population specific variants that underlie genetic protection and vulnerability for developing alcohol problems and the consequences of chronic heavy drinking.
