Human beings have consumed alcohol for millennia; its use is woven into the fabric of society and religion. In 2016 approximately 43% of the global population aged 15 years and over were current alcohol drinkers with per capita intake of 32.8g of pure alcohol per day (WHO, 2018). Although many people drink in the absence of health consequences, alcohol misuse is associated with 5.3% of all deaths and 7.2% of premature deaths worldwide (WHO, 2018). Alcohol misuse is estimated to cost the United States $249 billion per year in health care, lost productivity, and other factors including crime and motor vehicle crashes (Sacks, Gonzales, Bouchery, Tomedi, & Brewer, 2015).
