chromosomal regions (Lieberman et al., 2015). However, protein levels in postmortem cortex did not vary by rs279858 genotype, suggesting the polymorphism’s effects may be most profound during neural development (Lieberman et al., 2015). In a more recent study, 24-hour and 7-day exposure of healthy hiPSCs and NPCs to ethanol activated an inflammasome pathway (NLRP3), priming an innate immune-like response and impairing distribution of lysosomes and mitochondria (De Filippis et al., 2016). Additionally, ethanol exposure did not have any effect on proliferative capacity of those cells, but did negatively impact the number of mature neurons that could be generated from exposed NPCs (De Filippis et al., 2016). These studies underscore the capacity of hiPSC-derived cells to delineate developmental components of AUDs.
