researchers, has high levels of diagnostic reliability, with kappa estimates for alcohol dependence of .84, for other substance dependence ranging from .70-,90, and for ASPD of .70 (Bucholz et al., 1994 ). Validity as assessed using the SCAN as the gold standard, was high as well, with sensitivity of 92% for alcohol dependence and ranging from 67%-100% for other substance dependence, while sensitivity for ASPD was 82% (Hesselbrock et al., 1999).
