We measured youth sex and parent-reported youth race/ethnicity at entry to the ABCD Study. In addition, we drew these measures from the most recently completed assessment before the pandemic: parents being married, maximum level of education attained by parents, pre-existing youth externalizing problems (parent report) [25], youth internalizing problems (youth report) [26], and parent's frequency of drunkenness, drug use, and tobacco use [26].
